An unambiguous cloudiness index for nonwovens

Abstract Cloudiness or formation is a concept routinely used in industry to address deviations from homogeneity nonwovens and papers. Measuring cloudiness index based on image data common task industrial quality assurance. The two most popular ways of quantifying are power spectrum correlation function the one hand Laplacian pyramid other hand. Here, we recall mathematical basis first approach comprehensively, derive index, demonstrate its practical estimation. We prove that as well quantities characterizing like range interaction intensity small-angle scattering very closely related spectrum. Finally, show can be measured easily by analysis methods carries more information than alternatives.